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Chapter 03. Seismology & Geology Surely if the Earth was hollow then seismologists would have discovered it by now? This was the question I had on my mind. Unless perhaps they were misinterpreting the seismic data somehow. Could that possibly be the case? The science of seismology is based on "facts" derived directly from Newtonian gravity. In fact, it is impossible to determine the complex paths of seismic waves without resorting to Newtonian gravity and the Cavendish experiment. Seismic waves travel all through the Earth along paths which we can not test directly. The only firm knowledge which we have of seismic wave paths is that which is obtained by seismic observatories placed here on the surface of the Earth. These observatories confirm that seismic waves passed there. We do not know how deep the seismic waves travelled or their exact paths. It thus happens that the study of seismology then becomes dependant on Newtonian gravity and the Cavendish experiment. These supply scientists with a model of the Earth showing various densities and various gravitational forces. Using this information they are then able to calculate the paths of seismic waves. The upshot of all this is that one is limited in what one can deduce from seismic wave paths alone because we can only monitor those which reach the surface. Seismology is therefore not an independant verification or proof of Newtonian Gravity. Seismology is driven by formulae and mathematics which is deeply intertwined with Newtonian Gravity and the Cavendish experiment. Seismology is not an independant confirmation of Newtonian Gravity but is in fact derived from it. The paths of seismic waves is therefore tainted by a preconceived idea of what the Inner Earth really is like. This is a key concept to understand Is the Earth really hot down there? We know that the deeper one goes into mines the hotter it becomes. It is therefore taken for granted that it just keeps on getting hotter the deeper we go. Below a depth of 70 Km the stresses are so great that rock should flow because of pressure. Thus, earthquakes can never occur there. And yet, earthquakes do occur there. They occur up to a staggering depth of 700 Km. Seismologists have long pondered the cause of these quakes. Various highly technical theories have been advanced based on chemical phase changes occurring in the rock. But all these theories have problems with them. What no seismologist is expecting is a cool Earth. But if gravity were different to what we think then perhaps the pressures down there are not as great as we believe. Perhaps a great deal of gravity is a surface or near-surface phenomenon? If the Earth were cool down there then indeed quakes could occur at depths far greater than 70 Km. Could it therefore be that deep quakes are nothing more than a sign that the Earth is rigid and quite cold down there? It might indeed be as simple as that. Could it therefore be that seismologists have indeed discovered a hollow planet without realising it? I think so. The Outer Core of the Earth is thought to be a liquid because certain types of seismic waves can not pass through it. This is our first indication that perhaps there is a cavity. That so-called liquid core might actually be a cavity. There is one problem with this hollow planet idea and that is that certain seismic waves actually travel through the Earth's Inner Core. Closer examination of this resulted in me discovering that the waves which pass through the Inner Core actually travel exceptionally slowly. Could this be because they are actually refracted so that they are travelling around the cavity rather than through the core? Could it be that beyond a certain point density again decreases thereby refracting seismic waves around a cavity? There is a shadow area which occurs 7,000 miles from earthquake epicentres. This shadow area can be easily explained if we assume that a hollow shell's density increases up to a point and thereafter decreases again. This will cause seismic waves to be split with some being refracted back up to the surface while others are refracted around a cavity. This would result in the exact characteristics seen in the shadow area. Could the erratic rotation of the Earth, and perhaps even the Chandler Wobble be caused by huge oceans of water which are hidden deep inside the crust of a cool hollow Earth? After examining the various characteristics of seismic waves it seems to me as if the paths taken by seismic waves are actually better explained by a Hollow Planet model than by our solid Earth model. In this chapter I present various diagrams and charts showing the paths, speeds and refraction of seismic waves to show that a Hollow Planet interpretation of seismology might actually be the answer to many problems in seismology and geology. Seismic Wave Simulation Download Here is a seismic wave simulation program which you can download (3,118,384 bytes): Seismic.zip This program runs on Windows 3.1 and up. It will give the Reader an idea of how seismic waves are thought to bounce around inside the Earth. Note how the vast majority of waves bounce between the Outer core and the Earth's surface. Hollow Planets Seismic Model
The Reader may wonder how I derived my seismic model. Let me explain. Scientists use the
Cavendish balance experiment to determine the mass of the Earth. They measure the paths of
seismic waves here on the Earth's surface using seismic observatories. They have no means
of determining the actual paths of seismic waves within the Earth. These paths are derived
from a study of seismology along with a model of the Earth which is based on a solid Earth
of a mass equivalent to that derived from the Cavendish balance experiment. Since this
model is made up of "shells" of ever increasing density it follows that all seismic waves
inside the Earth thus curve back up to the surface such as in this diagram below.
Now there is another way of looking at seismic waves which has never been done before. If we consider that the only thing we know for certain are the paths of the seismic waves on the surface of the Earth then we find the following pattern occuring. Take a look at the diagram below.
I wondered to myself if there was any Hollow Planet seismic model which could reproduce the same effects as that which we observe on the surface of the planet. I just could not see how any Hollow Planet model could do this especially if the crust of such a planet were more or less homogenous. Then one day I wondered if the density of a Hollow Planet's crust might increase up to a point and then begin decreasing? I drew a picture like that below and then began filling in the paths of seismic waves as they would pass through such a planet - and just look at the amazing result below. Note the dark band in the middle of the crust which I have marked as M1 and M2. This is my mid-point - the point of maximum density of the planet's crust. All seismic waves which go through the Earth above this mid-point are refracted back to the surface just as per the standard seismic models which we are used to. But the waves which pass this point of maximum density then do something very strange. They are refracted in the opposite direction and they may begin curving around the cavity! Now look at the net effect for the waves on the planet's surface. Look at how that mid-point causes a dearth of seismic waves in the area where the shadow zone would be. And look too at the area beyond the shadow zone and see how the seismic waves are concentrated there in a greater number! This is exactly what scientists have observed. Furthermore, the waves which hug the interior of the cavity then pass almost completely around the Earth giving the impression that they have passed "through" the central core of the Earth! Isn't that amazing? Thus, at a stroke, this simple model can recreate all the major observable effects which we know about here on the surface of the planet. This model accounts for the illusion that seismic waves are passing through a core when in fact they do nothing of the kind. And guess what - here's the kicker - seismic waves which scientists say have passed through the Earth's core actually appear to slow down. Why should this be? Or is it that seismic waves which we think are going through the Earth's "core" have in fact taken longer because they are taking a journey around a cavity? I think so. This simple model needs more analysis, but from a "big picture" point of view it seems to me as if this is in fact the solution to the problem.
There is a further lesson to be derived from this. Perhaps we can use seismology as a means of trying to figure out how gravity behaves inside the Earth? This is easier said than done but it is a complete reversal of the approach we have used until now. A few of my sources for this chapter:
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